BAB 01 INVERSION
BAB 01
INVERSION
Oleh:
(Galuh Riyan Fareza)
Inversion adalah pola kalimat yang verb-nya mendahului subject. Fungsi Inversion adalah untuk penekanan makna dan juga untuk membentuk kalimat tanya.
Inversion tersebut terdapat pada kalimat berikut:
1. Ketika dalam kalimat tanya
(question):
a. Yes/No Question, seperti:
> Do you love me?
> Are you eating?
> Will you help me?
b. Informative Question, seperti:
> What are you doing?
> Where have you been?
2. Modal 'wishes' ('May'), seperti:
> May God bless you!
> May they live a long and happy
life!
3. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali oleh
expletive 'there' (yang bermakna
'ada'/'exist'), seperti:
> There is an apple on the table.
> There are some books on the
desk.
4. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali oleh
prepositional phrase yang
menunjukkan tempat (place) dan
main verb-nya berupa intransitive
verb, seperti:
> On the corner stood a police
officer.
(Asalnya » A police officer stood
on the corner.)
> In the box were several old
books.
(Asalnya » Several old books
were in the box.)
5. Dalam conditional sentence (type
2dan 3) tanpa if atau unless. Type
1 juga bisa dengan syarat if
clause-nya menggunakan modal
auxiliary verb berupa 'should',
seperti:
a) Type 2 (Verbal Active)
> If he asked her, she would
surely help him.
» Were he to ask her, she
would surely help him.
» Should he ask her,
she would surely help him.
b) Type 2 (Nominal)
> If I were a president, I would
build many schools in rural
area.
» Were I a president, I would
build many schools in rural
area.
c) Type 3 (Verbal Active)
> If he had known, he would
have come.
» Had he known, he would
have come.
d) Type 1 (Verbal Active)
> If he should ask her, she will
surely help him.
» Should he ask her, she will
surely help him.
*Note: Untuk type 2 ketika diinversi,
menggunakan 'were' atau 'should'.
6. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali
dengan 'negative word' atau
expression yang mengandung
makna negatif seperti never,
hardly, seldom, rarely, barely,
scarcely, not only, at no time,
nowhere, ... dan lain lain, seperti:
> Not only did they go but they
also stayed until the end.
> Never has the world faced so
many problems.
> At no time were the
passengers in any danger.
7. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali oleh
kata 'only' + time expression,
maka subject dan verb diinversi.
'Only' + time expression seperti
only now, only once, only then,
only before, only after, only for +
time, only at + time, ... dan lain-
lain, seperti:
> Only once was John late to
class.
> Only after her mother died, did
she know loneliness.
8. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali oleh
adverb seperti down, in, out, up,
dan subject-nya berupa noun (noun
phrase), maka kalimat tersebut
diinversi, seperti:
> Down comes the train.
(Asalnya » The train comes
down.)
> In walked the teacher with his
bag in hand.
( Asalnya » The teacher walked
in with his bag in hand.)
9. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali oleh
so, little, dan kata-kata tersebut
tidak menjelaskan noun, seperti:
> Little did she know that she
had won the grand prize.
> So great was my love for her
that I sacrificed everything for
her.
10. Ketika kalimat terjadi 'split' dan
main verb (V³)-nya terletak
diawal kalimat, seperti:
> Held as hostages were
several reporters.
( Asalnya » Several reporters
were held as hostage.)
> Discovered at the bottom of
the well were two small
children.
( Asalnya » Two small
children were discovered at
the bottom of the well.)
11. Pada comparison degree.
a. Positive degree, seperti:
> He looks as diligent as does
his friend.
( Asalnya » He looks as
diligent as his friend [ does ].)
> He is as clever as is his friend.
( Asalnya » He is as clever as
his friend [is].)
b. Comparative degree, seperti:
> She is smarter than is her
brother.
( Asalnya » She is smarter
than her brother [is].)
> He looks more diligent than
does his friend.
( Asalnya » He looks more
diligent than his friend [does].)
> She ran faster than did the old
car.
( Asalnya » She ran faster
than the old car [did].)
12. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali
oleh 'so' ellipsis, seperti:
> She is an english department
student, and so am I.
(Asalnya » She is an english
department student, and I am
too.)
> He has a famous book,
and so do I.
(Asalnya » He has a famous
book, and I do too.)
Note: Elliptical form dari 'neither'
masuk pada poin nomer 6,
contohnya:
> She is not an english
department student
, and neither am I.
, nor am I.
( Asalnya » She is not an
english department student,
and I am not either.)
> He doesn't have a famous
book, and neither do I.
, nor do I.
(Asalnya » He doesn't have a
famous book, and I do not
either.
13. Dalam reported speech, dengan
syarat subject pada main
clause harus berupa noun (noun
phrase) dan verb pada main
clause tidak diikuti oleh direct
object (objek langsung), seperti:
> "I will visit you tonight", said
Galuh. = ( Galuh said, "I will
visit you tonight")
> "Open the door!", asked my
friend. = ( My friend asked,
"Open the door!")
14. Pada kalimat nominal yang
subjective complement-nya
berupa adjective, seperti:
> Beautiful is my girl friend.
(Asalnya » My girl friend is
beautiful.)
> Clear was his problem.
( His problem was clear.)
15. Ketika sebuah kalimat diawali
oleh kata 'there' atau 'here' dan
verb-nya berupa 'be','go', dan
'come' serta subject-nya
berupa noun (noun
phrase) seperti:
> There comes the bus!
> Here's Galuh!
> There's Ana!
> There goes our train!
Sumber:
Suherman. Top Grammar A Guide to Write English. Cetakan kelima, Pare, Kediri: Resonansi Ilmu, 2017.
